While muscle strength deficits are dependent on the graft harvest site within 5 or less years following surgery, that is less likely in the long term (10 or more years). Cross-sectional studies suggest persistent thigh muscle strength deficits, altered movement patterns, and lowered levels of physical activity following ACL reconstruction. īesides the risk of re-injury and knee osteoarthritis, medium to long-term impairments and restrictions following ACL reconstruction have been reported. Over 50 % of individuals develop symptoms of knee osteoarthritis within 15 years of reconstruction. Irrespective of graft type, risk of a subsequent ACL rupture ranges between 6 and 15 %. In New Zealand, hamstring tendon grafts account for 71 % of all primary ACL reconstructions, followed by patellar tendon grafts (24 %), and quadriceps tendon grafts (3 %), with allografts used infrequently. Different procedures and grafts have been described for the surgical ACL reconstruction. Reported annual incidence rates per 100,000 person-years for ACL surgeries are 68.6 in the USA, 58.2 in New Zealand, 52.0 in Australia, and 32.0 in Sweden. Surgical ACL reconstruction and rehabilitation remains the primary approach for active individuals with such ruptures. The trial was prospectively registered with the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry No: ACTRN12618001083280, 28 June 2018.Īnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures are debilitating knee injuries, potentially with devastating short-term and long-term consequences. Wearing the knee sleeve over 6 weeks did not lead to enhanced improvements in self-reported knee function, hop distance and thigh muscle strength compared to the control group. Single-leg hop distance of the ACL reconstructed side improved when wearing a knee sleeve. There was no evidence of differential changes between groups for the IKDC-SKF (Sleeve Group n = 15 Control Group n = 16 p = 0.327), or relative improvement in the injured side compared to the uninjured side for the physical performance measures (Sleeve Group n = 12, Control Group n = 12 three-way interaction p = 0.533, 0.381, and 0.592 ). Hop distance for the injured side during the sleeve condition increased by 3.6 % (95 % CI 0.4–6.8 %, p = 0.025). Thirty-four individuals (16 women) with ACL reconstruction completed the cross-over trial. Where both limbs were measured at multiple time points, a random measurement occasion effect nested within participant was used. Linear mixed models were used to determine random effects. Outcome measures for the randomised clinical trial (RCT) were the International Knee Documentation Classification Subjective Knee Form (IKDC-SKF) score, the single-leg horizontal hop distance, and isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring peak torque. Following this first session, participants were randomised into a Control Group and a Sleeve Group who wore the sleeve for 6 weeks, at least 1 h daily. Immediate effects of a commercially-available elastic knee sleeve on single-leg horizontal hop distance were explored using a cross-over design. Individuals with ACL reconstruction in the previous 6 months to 5 years were recruited. The aim of this study was to determine the immediate and 6-week effects of wearing a knee sleeve on person-reported outcomes and function in participants who had undergone an ACL reconstruction and who had residual self-reported functional limitations. Elastic knee sleeves may be useful adjuncts to rehabilitation. Rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions is based mainly on comprehensive progressive exercise programmes using a multi-dimensional approach.
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